diff --git a/content.py b/content.py
index a555c82..4bb1c04 100644
--- a/content.py
+++ b/content.py
@@ -147,6 +147,19 @@ def origin(request: Request) -> str:
     return f"{proto}://{host}"
 
 
+def _breadcrumb_jsonld(o: str, breadcrumb: list[tuple[str, str | None]]) -> dict:
+    """BreadcrumbList structured data. Google requires ``item`` on every
+    ListItem except the last, so unlinked intermediate crumbs (e.g. the
+    country, which has no page of its own) are omitted here even though the
+    visible breadcrumb shows them."""
+    crumbs = [c for c in breadcrumb[:-1] if c[1]] + breadcrumb[-1:]
+    return {"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
+            "itemListElement": [
+                {"@type": "ListItem", "position": i + 1, "name": nm,
+                 **({"item": f"{o}{href}"} if href else {})}
+                for i, (nm, href) in enumerate(crumbs)]}
+
+
 def _respond_html(request: Request, template: str, **ctx) -> Response:
     o = origin(request)
     html = _env.get_template(template).render(base=BASE, origin=o, base_url=f"{o}{BASE}", **ctx)
@@ -392,11 +405,7 @@ def _city_context(request, city, cell, history) -> dict:
                                          "latitude": city["lat"], "longitude": city["lon"]}},
              "creator": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Thermograph"},
              "isBasedOn": "https://open-meteo.com/ (ERA5 reanalysis)"},
-            {"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
-             "itemListElement": [
-                 {"@type": "ListItem", "position": i + 1, "name": nm,
-                  **({"item": f"{o}{href}"} if href else {})}
-                 for i, (nm, href) in enumerate(breadcrumb)]},
+            _breadcrumb_jsonld(o, breadcrumb),
         ],
     }
     return {
@@ -573,11 +582,7 @@ def _records_context(request, city, history) -> dict:
                                          "latitude": city["lat"], "longitude": city["lon"]}},
              "creator": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Thermograph"},
              "isBasedOn": "https://open-meteo.com/ (ERA5 reanalysis)"},
-            {"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
-             "itemListElement": [
-                 {"@type": "ListItem", "position": i + 1, "name": nm,
-                  **({"item": f"{o}{href}"} if href else {})}
-                 for i, (nm, href) in enumerate(breadcrumb)]},
+            _breadcrumb_jsonld(o, breadcrumb),
         ],
     }
     return {
diff --git a/tests/test_content.py b/tests/test_content.py
index 83b1579..070e2be 100644
--- a/tests/test_content.py
+++ b/tests/test_content.py
@@ -56,6 +56,25 @@ def test_city_page_renders_stats_in_html(client):
     assert "°F" in b
 
 
+def _jsonld_breadcrumbs(html: str) -> list[dict]:
+    import json, re
+    m = re.search(r'<script type="application/ld\+json">(.*?)</script>', html, re.S)
+    assert m, "no JSON-LD block on page"
+    graph = json.loads(m.group(1))["@graph"]
+    return [n for n in graph if n["@type"] == "BreadcrumbList"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("path", [f"/climate/{SLUG}", f"/climate/{SLUG}/records"])
+def test_breadcrumb_jsonld_items_valid_for_google(client, path):
+    # Google: every ListItem except the last must carry an ``item`` URL, so
+    # unlinked intermediate crumbs (the country) must not appear in JSON-LD.
+    (bc,) = _jsonld_breadcrumbs(client.get(B + path).text)
+    els = bc["itemListElement"]
+    assert [e["position"] for e in els] == list(range(1, len(els) + 1))
+    for e in els[:-1]:
+        assert e["item"].startswith("http"), f"crumb {e['name']!r} missing item"
+
+
 def test_city_404(client):
     assert client.get(f"{B}/climate/nope-not-a-city").status_code == 404