backend/data/climate.py

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ MIN_ARCHIVE_DAYS = 3650            # ~10 yrs: far above any sync window, far bel
 # cached indefinitely (refetched only to add new metric columns). Only the recent
 # tail is refreshed — a small incremental fetch, at most hourly.
 HISTORY_TOPUP_INTERVAL = 3600      # seconds between recent-tail refresh attempts
-FORECAST_TTL_HOURS = 1             # refetch the forward forecast hourly to track updates
+FORECAST_TTL_HOURS = 4             # refetch the recent+forecast bundle every ~4h (lower IO;
+                                   # daily-resolution forecast normals move slowly)
 
 # The archive (historical) endpoint. Overridable so it can point at a self-hosted
 # Open-Meteo instance (ERA5 in object storage) instead of the rate-limited public
@@ -80,12 +81,13 @@ NASA_POWER_URL = "https://power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/daily/point"
 NASA_START = "19810101"
 NASA_FILL = -900.0   # POWER's missing-value sentinel is ~-999
 
-# Backup forward forecast when Open-Meteo's forecast API is unavailable. MET Norway
+# Forward-forecast source (primary for the forward days). MET Norway (yr.no) is free
-# (yr.no) is free + keyless + global, mirroring NASA POWER's role for history. It
+# + keyless + global. It returns a sub-daily timeseries in metric units with no gusts
-# returns a sub-daily timeseries in metric units with no gusts or apparent temp, so
+# or apparent temp, so we aggregate to daily, convert units, derive feels-like like
-# we aggregate to daily, convert units, and derive feels-like like the NASA path.
+# the NASA path, and fill gusts from Meteostat. It is forecast-only (no recent past),
-# It is forecast-only — no recent past days — so it's a degraded-but-working fallback.
+# so the recent observed days come from a NASA POWER range instead. The /compact
-METNO_URL = "https://api.met.no/weatherapi/locationforecast/2.0/complete"
+# endpoint carries every field we use at a smaller payload than /complete.
+METNO_URL = "https://api.met.no/weatherapi/locationforecast/2.0/compact"
 # MET Norway's ToS requires an identifying User-Agent (a missing/generic one is
 # 403'd); include the app and a contact URL so they can reach us if usage misbehaves.
 METNO_UA = "Thermograph/0.2 (+https://thermograph.org)"
@@ -824,6 +826,10 @@ def _load_history(cell: dict) -> tuple[pl.DataFrame, dict]:
 
 RECENT_PAST_DAYS = 25   # recent observations window (covers the ~2-week graded view)
 FORECAST_DAYS = 8       # today + 7 days ahead
+# NASA POWER near-real-time lags a couple of days, so the recent observed window ends
+# here; the small today-1/today-2 gap before the MET Norway forecast begins grades as
+# missing (drop_nulls), bracketed by history behind and forecast ahead.
+RECENT_END_LAG_DAYS = 2
 
 
 def _rf_cache_path(cell_id: str) -> str:
@@ -865,20 +871,27 @@ def load_cached_recent_forecast(cell: dict) -> "pl.DataFrame | None":
         return None
 
 
-def _load_recent_forecast(cell: dict) -> pl.DataFrame:
+def _fetch_recent_forecast(cell: dict) -> pl.DataFrame:
-    """Recent observations AND the forward forecast in ONE forecast-API call.
+    """Recent observations + forward forecast WITHOUT Open-Meteo: the recent observed
+    window from a NASA POWER range (measured), the forward days from MET Norway,
+    merged by date. Gusts — which neither source carries — are filled from Meteostat:
+    measured for the observed days, estimated from wind for the forecast days."""
+    today = datetime.date.today()
+    start = (today - datetime.timedelta(days=RECENT_PAST_DAYS)).isoformat()
+    end = (today - datetime.timedelta(days=RECENT_END_LAG_DAYS)).isoformat()
+    past = _fetch_history_nasa(cell, start=start, end=end)   # measured + Meteostat gusts
+    fwd = meteostat.fill_gusts(
+        cell["center_lat"], cell["center_lon"], _fetch_forecast_metno(cell))
+    # Forecast wins on any overlapping day (freshest model value for today); the NASA
+    # observed days fill the recent past MET Norway lacks.
+    return (pl.concat([past, fwd], how="diagonal_relaxed")
+            .unique(subset="date", keep="last", maintain_order=True)
+            .sort("date"))
 
-    Both the recent (past) view and the forecast (future) view slice from this, so
-    a cell needs just one upstream forecast request per hour (plus the ~monthly
-    archive fetch). Cached per cell for one hour so it still follows model updates.
-    """
-    cell_id = cell["id"]
-    hit = _read_recent_backed(cell_id)
-    if hit is not None:
-        cached, age_s = hit
-        if age_s / 3600.0 < FORECAST_TTL_HOURS:
-            return _with_doy(cached)
 
+def _fetch_recent_forecast_om(cell: dict) -> pl.DataFrame:
+    """Fallback recent+forecast bundle from the Open-Meteo forecast API (the former
+    primary): recent past + forward days in one call."""
     params = {
         "latitude": cell["center_lat"],
         "longitude": cell["center_lon"],
@@ -890,49 +903,59 @@ def _load_recent_forecast(cell: dict) -> pl.DataFrame:
         "past_days": RECENT_PAST_DAYS,
         "forecast_days": FORECAST_DAYS,
     }
-    # Skip Open-Meteo's forecast endpoint entirely while it's in its own
+    r = _request(FORECAST_URL, params, 60, phase="recent_forecast_fetch")
-    # rate-limit cooldown (see _note_forecast_rate_limit) -- mirrors
+    return _to_frame(r.json()["daily"])
-    # _load_history's archive-cooldown check, so a forecast brownout doesn't
+
-    # retry-storm the endpoint from every subscribed cell and every live request
+
-    # independently; it falls straight through to the MET Norway backup instead.
+def _load_recent_forecast(cell: dict) -> pl.DataFrame:
+    """Recent observations AND the forward forecast for a cell.
+
+    The primary source is keyless and Open-Meteo-free: a NASA POWER recent-past range
+    plus the MET Norway forward forecast (see _fetch_recent_forecast). The Open-Meteo
+    forecast API is the fallback (skipped while it's in its own rate-limit cooldown,
+    see _note_forecast_rate_limit), then a stale cache. Cached per cell for
+    FORECAST_TTL_HOURS so it follows model updates without per-hour upstream IO.
+    """
+    cell_id = cell["id"]
+    hit = _read_recent_backed(cell_id)
+    if hit is not None:
+        cached, age_s = hit
+        if age_s / 3600.0 < FORECAST_TTL_HOURS:
+            return _with_doy(cached)
+
     df = None
-    primary_error = None
+    try:
-    if time.time() >= _forecast_cooldown_until:
+        df = _fetch_recent_forecast(cell)          # NASA recent + MET forward (primary)
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - keyless primary unavailable; try Open-Meteo
+        pass
+
+    forecast_error = None
+    if df is None and time.time() >= _forecast_cooldown_until:
+        # Fall back to the Open-Meteo forecast API, skipped while it's in its own
+        # rate-limit cooldown so a brownout doesn't retry-storm the endpoint.
         try:
-            r = _request(FORECAST_URL, params, 60, phase="recent_forecast_fetch")
+            df = _fetch_recent_forecast_om(cell)
-            df = _to_frame(r.json()["daily"])
         except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
             if is_rate_limit(e):
                 _note_forecast_rate_limit(e)
-            primary_error = e
+            forecast_error = e
 
     if df is None:
-        # Open-Meteo forecast unavailable (rate limit, cooldown, or outage). Fall
+        # Last resort: serve the stale cache if we have one, WITHOUT rewriting it, so
-        # back to MET Norway (yr.no) — global + keyless — mirroring the archive's
+        # recent_stamp stays old and the next request retries upstream first (mirrors
-        # NASA POWER backup. MET Norway is forecast-only (no recent past days),
+        # _load_history's stale-serve).
-        # so this keeps the forecast / day-ahead views working in a degraded form.
+        if hit is not None:
-        try:
+            return _with_doy(hit[0])
-            df = _fetch_forecast_metno(cell)
+        # No cache either: surface the error, classifying an Open-Meteo rate limit as
-        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - backup unavailable too
+        # the typed, daily-aware WeatherUnavailable. forecast_error is None when the
-            # Last resort: serve the stale cache if we have one. An hours-old bundle
+        # fallback was skipped outright (cooldown active) — report the cooldown then.
-            # (which still carries the recent observed days MET Norway lacks) beats a
+        if forecast_error is not None and is_rate_limit(forecast_error):
-            # hard failure, mirroring _load_history's stale-serve. Return WITHOUT
+            daily = "daily" in _rate_limit_reason(forecast_error).lower()
-            # rewriting it, so recent_stamp stays old and the next request still
+            raise WeatherUnavailable(limit_message(daily), daily=daily) from forecast_error
-            # retries upstream first rather than serving this as if it were fresh.
+        if forecast_error is not None:
-            if hit is not None:
+            raise forecast_error
-                return _with_doy(hit[0])
+        raise WeatherUnavailable(limit_message(_forecast_limit_daily),
-            # No cache either: surface the original error, classifying an Open-Meteo
+                                 daily=_forecast_limit_daily)
-            # rate limit as the typed, daily-aware WeatherUnavailable (the archive
-            # path classifies its own inside _load_history). primary_error is None
-            # when the primary fetch was skipped outright (cooldown active) --
-            # report the cooldown itself in that case.
-            if primary_error is not None and is_rate_limit(primary_error):
-                daily = "daily" in _rate_limit_reason(primary_error).lower()
-                raise WeatherUnavailable(limit_message(daily), daily=daily) from primary_error
-            if primary_error is not None:
-                raise primary_error
-            raise WeatherUnavailable(limit_message(_forecast_limit_daily),
-                                     daily=_forecast_limit_daily)
     _write_recent_backed(cell_id, df)
     return df
 

backend/tests/data/test_climate.py

@@ -137,34 +137,53 @@ def test_metno_to_frame_aggregates_daily_and_converts_units():
     assert round(d2["precip"], 4) == round(6.0 / 25.4, 4)     # only the 6-hour block
 
 
-def test_recent_forecast_falls_back_to_metno(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+def test_recent_forecast_merges_nasa_past_and_metno_forward(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
-    """When Open-Meteo's forecast API fails, the MET Norway backup serves the frame."""
+    """The recent/forecast bundle is built from a NASA POWER recent-past range plus the
+    MET Norway forward forecast, merged by date (Open-Meteo not consulted)."""
     monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "CACHE_DIR", str(tmp_path))
-    cell = {"id": "fallback_cell", "center_lat": 47.6062, "center_lon": -122.3321}
+    cell = {"id": "rf_primary", "center_lat": 47.6, "center_lon": -122.3}
-    met = {"timeseries": [
-        _metno_step("2026-07-16T00:00:00Z", 18.0, 55.0, 3.0, p1=0.0),
-        _metno_step("2026-07-17T00:00:00Z", 22.0, 45.0, 5.0, p6=1.0),
-    ]}
 
-    class Resp:
+    past = climate._finalize_approximated(pl.DataFrame({
-        def json(self): return {"properties": met}
+        "date": [datetime.date(2026, 7, 10), datetime.date(2026, 7, 11)],
+        "tmax": [70.0, 72.0], "tmin": [50.0, 51.0], "precip": [0.0, 0.1],
+        "wind": [5.0, 6.0], "humid": [60.0, 55.0],
+    }))
+    fwd = climate._finalize_approximated(pl.DataFrame({
+        "date": [datetime.date(2026, 7, 16), datetime.date(2026, 7, 17)],
+        "tmax": [80.0, 82.0], "tmin": [60.0, 61.0], "precip": [0.0, 0.0],
+        "wind": [3.0, 4.0], "humid": [40.0, 45.0],
+    }))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_history_nasa", lambda c, start, end: past)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_forecast_metno", lambda c: fwd)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate.meteostat, "fill_gusts", lambda lat, lon, df: df)
+    def _om_should_not_run(c): raise AssertionError("Open-Meteo forecast should not run")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_recent_forecast_om", _om_should_not_run)
 
-    def fake_request(url, params, timeout, *, phase, headers=None, attempts=climate.MAX_ATTEMPTS):
-        if url == climate.FORECAST_URL:
-            raise RuntimeError("open-meteo forecast outage")
-        assert url == climate.METNO_URL
-        assert headers and headers.get("User-Agent"), "MET Norway needs a User-Agent"
-        return Resp()
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_request", fake_request)
     df = climate._load_recent_forecast(cell)
-    assert len(df) == 2 and df["date"].max() == datetime.date(2026, 7, 17)
+    assert df["date"].to_list() == [
+        datetime.date(2026, 7, 10), datetime.date(2026, 7, 11),
+        datetime.date(2026, 7, 16), datetime.date(2026, 7, 17)]
+
+
+def test_recent_forecast_falls_back_to_open_meteo(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    """When the NASA + MET Norway primary fails, the Open-Meteo forecast API serves."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "CACHE_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_forecast_cooldown_until", 0.0)
+    cell = {"id": "rf_fallback", "center_lat": 47.6, "center_lon": -122.3}
+
+    def _primary_down(c): raise RuntimeError("NASA + MET Norway down")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_recent_forecast", _primary_down)
+    om = climate._to_frame(_om_daily(3))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_recent_forecast_om", lambda c: om)
+
+    df = climate._load_recent_forecast(cell)
+    assert df.height == om.height
 
 
 def test_recent_forecast_serves_stale_cache_when_all_sources_fail(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
-    """With Open-Meteo AND MET Norway both down, an existing (stale) cache is served
+    """With every source down (the NASA + MET Norway primary and the Open-Meteo
-    rather than failing — and it is NOT rewritten, so its mtime stays old and the
+    fallback), an existing (stale) cache is served rather than failing — and it is NOT
-    next request still retries upstream first."""
+    rewritten, so its mtime stays old and the next request still retries upstream first."""
     import os
     import time
     monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "CACHE_DIR", str(tmp_path))
@@ -370,28 +389,23 @@ def test_history_tail_falls_back_to_open_meteo(monkeypatch):
 
 # --- forecast cooldown (mirrors the archive path's, tracked separately) -----
 
-def test_forecast_cooldown_skips_open_meteo_and_falls_to_metno(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+def test_forecast_cooldown_skips_the_open_meteo_fallback(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
-    """While the forecast cooldown is active, the forecast fetch must not call
+    """While the forecast cooldown is active, the Open-Meteo FALLBACK is skipped: with
-    Open-Meteo at all -- straight to the MET Norway backup, mirroring
+    the keyless primary (NASA + MET Norway) also down and no cache, the load surfaces
-    _load_history's archive-cooldown skip."""
+    WeatherUnavailable without ever calling Open-Meteo."""
     import time as time_mod
     monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "CACHE_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_forecast_cooldown_until", time_mod.time() + 60)
     cell = {"id": "fc_cooldown_cell", "center_lat": 47.6, "center_lon": -122.3}
 
-    met = {"timeseries": [_metno_step("2026-07-16T00:00:00Z", 18.0, 55.0, 3.0, p1=0.0)]}
+    def _primary_down(c): raise RuntimeError("NASA + MET Norway down")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_recent_forecast", _primary_down)
+    def _om_should_not_run(c):
+        raise AssertionError("Open-Meteo fallback must not run during cooldown")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_fetch_recent_forecast_om", _om_should_not_run)
 
-    class Resp:
+    with pytest.raises(climate.WeatherUnavailable):
-        def json(self): return {"properties": met}
+        climate._load_recent_forecast(cell)
-
-    def fake_request(url, params, timeout, *, phase, headers=None, attempts=climate.MAX_ATTEMPTS):
-        assert url != climate.FORECAST_URL, "must not call Open-Meteo during cooldown"
-        assert url == climate.METNO_URL
-        return Resp()
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(climate, "_request", fake_request)
-    df = climate._load_recent_forecast(cell)
-    assert len(df) == 1
 
 
 def test_forecast_429_sets_its_own_cooldown(monkeypatch, tmp_path):